Elastic-fluid turbine.



PATENTED JUNE 30, 1908.

C. PFBNNINGER. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.18, 190s.

m J Z m @22 3. $r\\ I 'JUNITE $TTE PATENT @FFIQ.

CARL PFENNINGER, OF MUNICH, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO MELMS d: PFENNINGER G. M. B. H., OF MUN IGH-HIRSCHAU, GERMANY.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

I T all whom it may concern:

the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Q My invention relates to elastic fluid turbines of the .combined impulse and reaction type rovided with annular surfaces or shout ders or relieving the shaft of end thrust, as has been previously described.

In order to enable the length of the turbine to be reduced or extended, as the case may be, relatively to its diameter, or for other reasons, it is sometimes desirable to construct the drum of a larger or a smaller diameter than is actually necessitated by a strict calculation based on the relative area of the aforesaid thrustrelieving surface. By so doing, however, the equilibrium of the axial thrusts is upset and there is consequently a pre onderance in one direction or the other he present invention has for its object to overcome this drawback by the providing at the oint of admission another surface or shou der'of dimensions calculated to counterbalance thesaid reponderance.

The invention wil be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in

a which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a turbine exemplifying the present invention; Fig. 2 a section showing a somewhat modified portion thereof; and Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate further modified details of the improved turbine.

Referring to Fig. 1, it indicates the point at which the live steam is admitted, bc the impulse bladed part of the turbine, d e f the reaction bladed part of the turbine, c d the thrust-relieving or compensating surface between the impulse and reaction parts, as previously described, but in the present instance designedly increased in size. The additional relieving surface according to this invention is indicated at g and is so calculated and arranged as to counterbalance all Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 18, 1906.

Patented June 30, 1908.

Serial No. 339,556.

unbalanced or one-sided axial thrust. In certain circumstances this surfaceor shoulder g as shown in Fig. 2, may be arranged on the other or remote side of the steam admission, to produce a thrust in the same direction as that produced by surface 0 d, so that, in conjunction with the surface 0 d it relieves the parts from thrust. In this case the surface 0 (Z as shown is a reduced one. Further, as shown in Fig. 3, the steam may be made to traverse the impulse portion of the turbine in the opposite direction to that which it takes in the reaction portion, the relieving surfaces being again indicated by g, and 0 (Z.

In the arrangement exemplified in Fig. it, the relieving surface, 0 d, can be dispensed with, and the relief or compensation effected entirely by the action part, or surface g.

What I. claim is: j

1. A balanced elastic fluid turbine in which axial thrust compensating surfaces are formed by the difference in diameter of the drum carrying the first partof the blading, the adjacent part of the drum before said blading and that part of the drum carrying the adjacent second part of the blading, the said surfaces being so dimensioned and placed with reference to the varying fluid .ressure on said surfaces that exact counter alance of the axial thrust of the blading is obtained.

2. A balanced elastic fluid turbine in which axial thrust compensating surfaces are formed by the difference in diameter of the first part of the blading, the adjacent part before said blading and the adjacent second part of the blading, theone surface following said first blading being greater in extent than necessary to counterbalance the axial thrust of the blading, the excess being counterbalanced by an additional axial thrust 9 reduced by a surface situated beforejtheuid entrance into said first blades.

3. 'A balanced elastic fluid turbine in which axial thrust compensating surfaces are formed by the difference in diameter in the first part of the blading, the adjacent part before said bladin and the adjacent second part of the blading, the one surface following said first blading being less in extent than necessary to counterbalance the axial thrust of the blading, the remaining axial thrust produced by the blading being countcrbalauccd by subtractiouul thrust, produced by a surface situated before the lluid entrance into said first blades.

4. A balanced elastic fluid turbine in which axial thrust compensating surfaces are formed by the difi'erence in diameter of the first part of the blading, the adjacent part before said blading and the adjacent second part of the blading, the one surface following said first blading being greater in extent than necessary to counterbalance the axial thrust of the blading, the excess being counterbalanced by an additional axial thrust, produced by a surface, situated before the fluid entrance into said first blades;

vthe first part of the said'blading having a direction of flow opposite to the direction of the flow of the fluid of the second part.

5. A balanced elastic fluid turbine in which axial thrust compensating surfaces are formed by the difference in diameter in the first part of the blading, the adjacent part before said blading and the adjacent second part of the blading, the one surface following said first blading, being less in extent than necessary to counterbalance the axial thrust of the blading; the remaining axial thrust produced by the blading being counterbalanced by subtractional thrust formed by a surface situated before the fluid entrance into said first blading, the first part of the said bladi'ng having a direction of flow opposite to the direction of the flow of the fluid of the second part.

6. In a balanced elastic fluid turbine,

means for balancing the axial thrust, comprising a plurality of thrust-compensating surfaces fornied by successive differences in the diameter of the blade-carrying drum, one of said compensating surfaces being formed between that part of the drum u on which is carried the first ortion of the b ading and a part immediate y before the same;

and another of said compensating surfaces being formed between the parts of the drum upon which are carried the first portion of the blading and the second portion of the blading, the said surfaces being so dimensioned and placed with reference to the varying fluid pressures thereon, that an exactcounterbalance of the axial thrust resulting from the varying external loads, is obtained;

7. A balanced elastic fluid turbine in which axial thrust compensating surfaces are formed by the difference in diameter of the first part of the blading, the adjacent part before said blading and the adjacent second part of the blading, the said surfaces being so dimensioned and placed with refer ence to the varying fluid pressure on said surfaces that exact counterbalance of the axial thrust of the blading is obtained, said first part of the blading being situated on a drum combined with the drum of the second part of the blading. I

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CARL PFENNINGER.

Witnesses:

ABRAHAM SGHLEsINGEmf LOUIS I. MUELLER. 

